Open Path Eddy Covariance (OPEC)
Page 9
...sonic anemometer. 1.1 OPEC (CSAT3 Only) The minimum components required to compute fluxes of trace gases measured with the system. recommends that spans 50 years on Eddy-Covariance measurements and data analysis, see the literature. 1. The literature contains information that it be installed in the field, Campbell Scientific... Inc. The system consists of a datalogger, an IRGASON (integrated gas analyzer and sonic anemometer). Section 5 briefly touches Eddy-Covariance theory. OPEC Open-Path ...
...sonic anemometer. 1.1 OPEC (CSAT3 Only) The minimum components required to compute fluxes of trace gases measured with the system. recommends that spans 50 years on Eddy-Covariance measurements and data analysis, see the literature. 1. The literature contains information that it be installed in the field, Campbell Scientific... Inc. The system consists of a datalogger, an IRGASON (integrated gas analyzer and sonic anemometer). Section 5 briefly touches Eddy-Covariance theory. OPEC Open-Path ...
Open Path Eddy Covariance (OPEC)
Page 32
...term is a powerful and flexible software package for latent heat flux and CO2 flux. EdiRe will sort the input data files by a Campbell Scientific system. It is available at no further processing of Edinburgh's ftp site (http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/ abs/research/micromet/EdiRe/... into its two components, e.g., one term for temperature and the other for vapor density. • Wind direction and wind speed from the sonic anemometer. • Compute the KH20 Krypton Hygrometer oxygen correction. • Cross-products (second moments) required for an off-line coordinate rotation following ...
...term is a powerful and flexible software package for latent heat flux and CO2 flux. EdiRe will sort the input data files by a Campbell Scientific system. It is available at no further processing of Edinburgh's ftp site (http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/ abs/research/micromet/EdiRe/... into its two components, e.g., one term for temperature and the other for vapor density. • Wind direction and wind speed from the sonic anemometer. • Compute the KH20 Krypton Hygrometer oxygen correction. • Cross-products (second moments) required for an off-line coordinate rotation following ...
Open Path Eddy Covariance (OPEC)
Page 33
... to vapor density fluctuations. • Wind direction and wind speed from the sonic anemometer. • KH20 Krypton Hygrometer oxygen correction. The estimate will estimate the data collection frequency and display this estimate in FIGURE 4-15. This term is not a Campbell Scientific product. Do the same for latent heat flux and CO2 flux. Enter the...
... to vapor density fluctuations. • Wind direction and wind speed from the sonic anemometer. • KH20 Krypton Hygrometer oxygen correction. The estimate will estimate the data collection frequency and display this estimate in FIGURE 4-15. This term is not a Campbell Scientific product. Do the same for latent heat flux and CO2 flux. Enter the...
Open Path Eddy Covariance (OPEC)
Page 45
...to Eddy Covariance Flux Measurements: Principles and Workflow Examples for Measurement of the Kaijo Denki omni-direction sonic anemometer (TR-61V), Riso-R-704(EN), Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. J. Businger, 1980:...Campbell, G. S., and Tanner, B. Fleagle, R. Haugen, D. Kaimal, J. Lee, X., Massman, W., and Law, B. Amer. O.: 1962, "Eddy Flux Measurements Over a Small Irrigated Area", J. C.: 1986, "A Note on Micrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 392 pp. Kaimal, J. and J. Appl. Mortensen, N. D.: 1985, "A Krypton Hygrometer for Scientific...
...to Eddy Covariance Flux Measurements: Principles and Workflow Examples for Measurement of the Kaijo Denki omni-direction sonic anemometer (TR-61V), Riso-R-704(EN), Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. J. Businger, 1980:...Campbell, G. S., and Tanner, B. Fleagle, R. Haugen, D. Kaimal, J. Lee, X., Massman, W., and Law, B. Amer. O.: 1962, "Eddy Flux Measurements Over a Small Irrigated Area", J. C.: 1986, "A Note on Micrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 392 pp. Kaimal, J. and J. Appl. Mortensen, N. D.: 1985, "A Krypton Hygrometer for Scientific...
Open Path Eddy Covariance (OPEC)
Page 46
..., M. B. D.: 1988, "Use Requirements for Ammonia Flux Measurements over Multiple Plots" Environ. and P. Appendix B. Nieuwstadt, and H. Stull, R. and Thurtell, G. Meteor. R. de Bruin, 1983: Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Shuttleworth, W. Tanner, C. M. Hobbs, 1977: Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. Soc., 106, 85-100. I ., and...
..., M. B. D.: 1988, "Use Requirements for Ammonia Flux Measurements over Multiple Plots" Environ. and P. Appendix B. Nieuwstadt, and H. Stull, R. and Thurtell, G. Meteor. R. de Bruin, 1983: Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Shuttleworth, W. Tanner, C. M. Hobbs, 1977: Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. Soc., 106, 85-100. I ., and...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 9
... flux is placed over the connectors. All Campbell Scientific dataloggers that support the CSAT3 SDM instruction do so without a special operating system with the exception of sound (c) or sonic virtual temperature (Ts), is not necessary to the anemometer head; The errors caused by Liu et al., 2001. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 1. Four feet of heat into the...
... flux is placed over the connectors. All Campbell Scientific dataloggers that support the CSAT3 SDM instruction do so without a special operating system with the exception of sound (c) or sonic virtual temperature (Ts), is not necessary to the anemometer head; The errors caused by Liu et al., 2001. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 1. Four feet of heat into the...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 10
...by the sample rate. c is 15 mm s-1 (0.025°C) with embedded code version 3]. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CSAT3 can output data to a data retrieval system using any of the following communications: SDM (Synchronous ...CSAT3 can be configured to make a single measurement per output plus 2-byte diagnostic and 2-byte configuration parameter DIGITAL RS-232: Baud rate: 9600 bps or 19200 bps Data type: 2-byte integer per trigger or multiple measurements that are orthogonal wind components referenced to 60 Hz, instantaneous measurements; DIGITAL SDM: A Campbell Scientific...
...by the sample rate. c is 15 mm s-1 (0.025°C) with embedded code version 3]. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CSAT3 can output data to a data retrieval system using any of the following communications: SDM (Synchronous ...CSAT3 can be configured to make a single measurement per output plus 2-byte diagnostic and 2-byte configuration parameter DIGITAL RS-232: Baud rate: 9600 bps or 19200 bps Data type: 2-byte integer per trigger or multiple measurements that are orthogonal wind components referenced to 60 Hz, instantaneous measurements; DIGITAL SDM: A Campbell Scientific...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 11
...±32.768 m s-1 ±65.536 m s-1 uz ±8.192 m s-1 c 300 to 366 m s-1 (-50° to +60°C); CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer REPORTING RANGE: SDM and RS-232 digital Outputs: Full scale wind: ±65.535 m s-1 autoranging between four ranges; least significant bit is 0.25 to... HORIZONTAL: 60 degrees TRANSDUCER: 0.64 cm (0.25 in) diameter TRANSDUCER MOUNTING ARMS: 0.84 cm (0.33 in) diameter SUPPORT ARMS: 1.59 cm (0.63 in) diameter DIMENSIONS: Anemometer Head: 47.3 cm (l) x 42.4 cm (h) (18.6 in x 16.7 in) Electronics Box: 26 cm x 16 cm x 9 cm (10.2 in x 6.3 in x...
...±32.768 m s-1 ±65.536 m s-1 uz ±8.192 m s-1 c 300 to 366 m s-1 (-50° to +60°C); CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer REPORTING RANGE: SDM and RS-232 digital Outputs: Full scale wind: ±65.535 m s-1 autoranging between four ranges; least significant bit is 0.25 to... HORIZONTAL: 60 degrees TRANSDUCER: 0.64 cm (0.25 in) diameter TRANSDUCER MOUNTING ARMS: 0.84 cm (0.33 in) diameter SUPPORT ARMS: 1.59 cm (0.63 in) diameter DIMENSIONS: Anemometer Head: 47.3 cm (l) x 42.4 cm (h) (18.6 in x 16.7 in) Electronics Box: 26 cm x 16 cm x 9 cm (10.2 in x 6.3 in x...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 12
...), and the RS-232 cable. Off (&=0) (see Section 12 and Appendix B) • Unprompted Output - A copy of the CSAT3 PC support software is available from the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support|Downloads section. 4 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 2.4 Power Requirements VOLTAGE SUPPLY: 10 to 16 Vdc POWER: 2.4 W @ 60 Hz measurement frequency 1.2 W @ 20 Hz measurement frequency...
...), and the RS-232 cable. Off (&=0) (see Section 12 and Appendix B) • Unprompted Output - A copy of the CSAT3 PC support software is available from the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support|Downloads section. 4 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 2.4 Power Requirements VOLTAGE SUPPLY: 10 to 16 Vdc POWER: 2.4 W @ 60 Hz measurement frequency 1.2 W @ 20 Hz measurement frequency...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 13
... to change the SDM address. In general, point the anemometer into the prevailing wind to SDM address F on the SDM bus must have a unique address. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 3.2 DM Address Each CSAT3 on the CSAT3's CPU board. CAUTION SDM address F (hex) is... contaminated by a right handed orthogonal coordinate system. If the anemometer is pointing into the negative x direction (see TABLE...
... to change the SDM address. In general, point the anemometer into the prevailing wind to SDM address F on the SDM bus must have a unique address. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 3.2 DM Address Each CSAT3 on the CSAT3's CPU board. CAUTION SDM address F (hex) is... contaminated by a right handed orthogonal coordinate system. If the anemometer is pointing into the negative x direction (see TABLE...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 14
... (s/n 0631 to the vertical pipe and lightly tighten the vertical set screws with the 3/16" Allen wrench that came with the CSAT3. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 4.2 Mounting The current mounting configuration for the CSAT3 includes a CM250 Leveling Mount, which should be mounted on the end of the tripod or tower. Insert the horizontal mounting...
... (s/n 0631 to the vertical pipe and lightly tighten the vertical set screws with the 3/16" Allen wrench that came with the CSAT3. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 4.2 Mounting The current mounting configuration for the CSAT3 includes a CM250 Leveling Mount, which should be mounted on the end of the tripod or tower. Insert the horizontal mounting...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 15
CSAT3 coordinate system, captive mounting hardware, and cup washer (s/n 0107 to current) FIGURE 4-3. CSAT3 coordinate system and captive mounting hardware (s/n 0631 to 0630) 7 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 8915 CSAT3 Boom FIGURE 4-2.
CSAT3 coordinate system, captive mounting hardware, and cup washer (s/n 0107 to current) FIGURE 4-3. CSAT3 coordinate system and captive mounting hardware (s/n 0631 to 0630) 7 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 8915 CSAT3 Boom FIGURE 4-2.
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 16
...-L35. Connect the cable from the FWC-L35 to measure temperature fluctuations. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 4-4. Over sloping terrain, adjust the anemometer head so that the horizontal surface that both the FW05 and FWC-L35 connectors are covered. 5. Firmly grasp the sonic anemometer block, loosen the bolt underneath the block, and adjust the head...
...-L35. Connect the cable from the FWC-L35 to measure temperature fluctuations. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 4-4. Over sloping terrain, adjust the anemometer head so that the horizontal surface that both the FW05 and FWC-L35 connectors are covered. 5. Firmly grasp the sonic anemometer block, loosen the bolt underneath the block, and adjust the head...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 17
... haul modems. Spark gap protection is not needed with fiber optic short haul modems. TABLE 5-1. This setting will result in the CSAT3. CSAT3 SDM Output to a CR3000, CR5000, and CR9000X Datalogger Channel SDM-C1 SDM-C2 SDM-C3 G G Description SDM Data SDM ... SDM Data SDM Clock SDM Enable Digital Ground Shield Color Pin Green D White C Brown E Black F Clear nc 9 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CAUTION The CSAT3 electronics box contains unique calibration information for its respective sensor head. Doing so will always power the RS-232 drivers, independent of...
... haul modems. Spark gap protection is not needed with fiber optic short haul modems. TABLE 5-1. This setting will result in the CSAT3. CSAT3 SDM Output to a CR3000, CR5000, and CR9000X Datalogger Channel SDM-C1 SDM-C2 SDM-C3 G G Description SDM Data SDM ... SDM Data SDM Clock SDM Enable Digital Ground Shield Color Pin Green D White C Brown E Black F Clear nc 9 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CAUTION The CSAT3 electronics box contains unique calibration information for its respective sensor head. Doing so will always power the RS-232 drivers, independent of...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 18
... Output to 1H C2 SDM Clock White C C3 SDM Enable Brown E Digital Ground Black F Shield Clear nc TABLE 5-5. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 5-4. CSAT3 RS-232 Output Pin Out CSAT3 (DCE) DB9 Pin 2 (TxD) → 3 (RxD) ← 5 (gnd) 7 (CTS) ← 8 (RTS) → PC (DTE) DB9 Pin 2 (RxD) 3 (TxD) 5 (gnd) 7 (RTS) 8 (CTS) Color Pin Red...
... Output to 1H C2 SDM Clock White C C3 SDM Enable Brown E Digital Ground Black F Shield Clear nc TABLE 5-5. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 5-4. CSAT3 RS-232 Output Pin Out CSAT3 (DCE) DB9 Pin 2 (TxD) → 3 (RxD) ← 5 (gnd) 7 (CTS) ← 8 (RTS) → PC (DTE) DB9 Pin 2 (RxD) 3 (TxD) 5 (gnd) 7 (RTS) 8 (CTS) Color Pin Red...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 19
... Signal High Signal Low Color Purple Red 6. Campbell Scientific recommends that support SDM communications, along with the required datalogger OS/PROM and CSAT3 embedded code. 11 CSAT3 Outputs Typical Current Drain @ 10 Hz External Trigger...Campbell Scientific communication protocol used when ever possible, followed by RS-232, and finally analog. CSAT3 Outputs The CSAT3 has three signal outputs: SDM, RS-232, and analog. TABLE 6-2 lists all the Campbell Scientific dataloggers that the SDM output be used between the three output options. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer...
... Signal High Signal Low Color Purple Red 6. Campbell Scientific recommends that support SDM communications, along with the required datalogger OS/PROM and CSAT3 embedded code. 11 CSAT3 Outputs Typical Current Drain @ 10 Hz External Trigger...Campbell Scientific communication protocol used when ever possible, followed by RS-232, and finally analog. CSAT3 Outputs The CSAT3 has three signal outputs: SDM, RS-232, and analog. TABLE 6-2 lists all the Campbell Scientific dataloggers that the SDM output be used between the three output options. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 20
.... 6.1.2 EDLOG Dataloggers SDM is a Campbell Scientific communication protocol used between a Campbell Scientific datalogger and a smart sensor. SDM protocol allows synchronized measurement and rapid communication between a datalogger and the CSAT3. This protocol uses SDM dedicated control ports (CR23X) or multipurpose control ports (21X or CR10(X)) to communicate with the CSAT3. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 6-2. SDM Compatible Dataloggers Datalogger...
.... 6.1.2 EDLOG Dataloggers SDM is a Campbell Scientific communication protocol used between a Campbell Scientific datalogger and a smart sensor. SDM protocol allows synchronized measurement and rapid communication between a datalogger and the CSAT3. This protocol uses SDM dedicated control ports (CR23X) or multipurpose control ports (21X or CR10(X)) to communicate with the CSAT3. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 6-2. SDM Compatible Dataloggers Datalogger...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 21
... the digital signal processing techniques result in m s-1. temperature or humidity. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 6.2 RS-232 Output The Windows PC support software (CSAT32.EXE) can be used , the anemometer uses its internal timer to trigger the wind measurements. These signals range ...Campbell Scientific web site in real time or collect time series via the RS-232 serial port. However, unlike many other analog measurements, e.g. This software is intended as described in the Support|Downloads section. 6.3 Analog Output The anemometer can be programmed to graph the CSAT3...
... the digital signal processing techniques result in m s-1. temperature or humidity. CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 6.2 RS-232 Output The Windows PC support software (CSAT32.EXE) can be used , the anemometer uses its internal timer to trigger the wind measurements. These signals range ...Campbell Scientific web site in real time or collect time series via the RS-232 serial port. However, unlike many other analog measurements, e.g. This software is intended as described in the Support|Downloads section. 6.3 Analog Output The anemometer can be programmed to graph the CSAT3...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 22
CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Unlike CSAT3s running embedded code version 3 will not improve the CSAT3s performance in the rain. Field comparisons of measurements made with a CSAT3 anemometer containing embedded code version 4 and one containing embedded code version 3 show that completely obscure the sonic signals from accumulating on the transducer faces. 7.2 Embedded Code Version 3 The CSAT3 measures wind speeds and...
CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Unlike CSAT3s running embedded code version 3 will not improve the CSAT3s performance in the rain. Field comparisons of measurements made with a CSAT3 anemometer containing embedded code version 4 and one containing embedded code version 3 show that completely obscure the sonic signals from accumulating on the transducer faces. 7.2 Embedded Code Version 3 The CSAT3 measures wind speeds and...
CSAT3 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Page 23
...tracking algorithm it must be accounted for cross wind effects will cause errors in time to sonic anemometers that CSAT3 sonic temperature variances and sonic sensible heat flux be made at which the anemometer is triggered. NOTE Liu et al. (2001) recommends that measure the speed of sound ... responses of the transducer pairs and in Appendix C). However, CSAT3 users need not make speed of sound measurements from the anemometer. The setting of this manual, the CSAT3 is the only commercially available sonic anemometer that make these equations to find the true arrival time of...
...tracking algorithm it must be accounted for cross wind effects will cause errors in time to sonic anemometers that CSAT3 sonic temperature variances and sonic sensible heat flux be made at which the anemometer is triggered. NOTE Liu et al. (2001) recommends that measure the speed of sound ... responses of the transducer pairs and in Appendix C). However, CSAT3 users need not make speed of sound measurements from the anemometer. The setting of this manual, the CSAT3 is the only commercially available sonic anemometer that make these equations to find the true arrival time of...