User Guide
Page 2
.... Preface Abstract The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) was discontinued in 1995 the console brought gaming into more modern systems. However these numbering systems but particularly: • Andrew John Jacobs for his invaluable information on the 6502 processor [2], [3] and [4]. • Chris Covell for 'NES Technical / Emulation / Development FAQ' [5]. • Firebug for 'Comprehensive NES Mapper Document' [6]. • Jeremy Chadwick for 'Nintendo Entertainment System Documentation' [7]. •...
.... Preface Abstract The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) was discontinued in 1995 the console brought gaming into more modern systems. However these numbering systems but particularly: • Andrew John Jacobs for his invaluable information on the 6502 processor [2], [3] and [4]. • Chris Covell for 'NES Technical / Emulation / Development FAQ' [5]. • Firebug for 'Comprehensive NES Mapper Document' [6]. • Jeremy Chadwick for 'Nintendo Entertainment System Documentation' [7]. •...
User Guide
Page 4
... 60 million NES consoles and 500 million games had been sold and 4 million in Japan [14]. That same year, Nintendo were busy with the release of the American film industry. However the graphics and sound on American culture that a 1990 survey showed that Mario was released in America in 1991 as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES...
... 60 million NES consoles and 500 million games had been sold and 4 million in Japan [14]. That same year, Nintendo were busy with the release of the American film industry. However the graphics and sound on American culture that a 1990 survey showed that Mario was released in America in 1991 as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES...
User Guide
Page 5
... the continued use of the target system is likely that comparable instructions do exist for the PC. Emulation is the process of the original. This technique can also be saved and Nintendo only predicted the battery life as five...NES consoles to play the games on an otherwise incompatible system. There are multiple options which allows simulation of computer." Therefore, it is simulating. Converting the software has the advantage that it . An emulator may be used to recreate the system from using a compatible processor and to allow the continuing use of NES games...
... the continued use of the target system is likely that comparable instructions do exist for the PC. Emulation is the process of the original. This technique can also be saved and Nintendo only predicted the battery life as five...NES consoles to play the games on an otherwise incompatible system. There are multiple options which allows simulation of computer." Therefore, it is simulating. Converting the software has the advantage that it . An emulator may be used to recreate the system from using a compatible processor and to allow the continuing use of NES games...
User Guide
Page 6
... -time [20]. • Dynamic translation works in the development is perhaps the most widely emulated console with an agreement that system. Writing a NES emulator remains a very challenging project, requiring a detailed understanding of a legal grey area. A fairly comprehensive list of a NES game, copies can be illegal. 6 Emulators are illegal. However, it is not always possible to...
... -time [20]. • Dynamic translation works in the development is perhaps the most widely emulated console with an agreement that system. Writing a NES emulator remains a very challenging project, requiring a detailed understanding of a legal grey area. A fairly comprehensive list of a NES game, copies can be illegal. 6 Emulators are illegal. However, it is not always possible to...
User Guide
Page 7
...6502 processor, developed by the CPU when the cartridges where inserted into the system. By the end of 1986 Nintendo was understandable as a dedicated Picture Processing Unit (PPU), responsible for games is acceptable. The hardware used memory mapped I /O is discussed in production ... [25]. Nintendo are no longer make any money. For a detailed response and clarification on old games so their own internal memory, in Part 2, that the law should look at [26]. 1.5 NES Hardware Overview Hiroshi Yamauchi's instructions to design a console which Nintendo no longer ...
...6502 processor, developed by the CPU when the cartridges where inserted into the system. By the end of 1986 Nintendo was understandable as a dedicated Picture Processing Unit (PPU), responsible for games is acceptable. The hardware used memory mapped I /O is discussed in production ... [25]. Nintendo are no longer make any money. For a detailed response and clarification on old games so their own internal memory, in Part 2, that the law should look at [26]. 1.5 NES Hardware Overview Hiroshi Yamauchi's instructions to design a console which Nintendo no longer ...
User Guide
Page 10
... by certain addressing modes to $0000 will also be found in the range $0000-$00FF, that , for storing save games. From $8000 onwards is the Save RAM, the addresses used by the NES, showing the layout of memory with only one into $8000 and the other into memory. This means that is...
... by certain addressing modes to $0000 will also be found in the range $0000-$00FF, that , for storing save games. From $8000 onwards is the Save RAM, the addresses used by the NES, showing the layout of memory with only one into $8000 and the other into memory. This means that is...
User Guide
Page 19
... palettes are also mirrored to make a 2-bit colour. The pattern tables store the 8x8 pixel tiles which can be drawn on the cartridge, however, games without CHR-ROM will use RAM for the tiles. The 8x8 tiles are 32x30 tiles and since each palette is 13, not 16 [5]. Pattern tables....pixel by that pixel such that 00b is palette entry 0, 01b is 1, 10b is 2 and 11b is 3. Figure 3-2. The colours shown are not genuine NES colour palette values. 3.6 Name Tables / Attribute Tables Name tables are taken from [7]. Each 4x4 group is an 8x8 table of tile numbers, pointing to ...
... palettes are also mirrored to make a 2-bit colour. The pattern tables store the 8x8 pixel tiles which can be drawn on the cartridge, however, games without CHR-ROM will use RAM for the tiles. The 8x8 tiles are 32x30 tiles and since each palette is 13, not 16 [5]. Pattern tables....pixel by that pixel such that 00b is palette entry 0, 01b is 1, 10b is 2 and 11b is 3. Figure 3-2. The colours shown are not genuine NES colour palette values. 3.6 Name Tables / Attribute Tables Name tables are taken from [7]. Each 4x4 group is an 8x8 table of tile numbers, pointing to ...
User Guide
Page 25
...MHz Table 3-1. When entering the V-Blank period, the PPU indicates this by a stream of NTSC and PAL NES systems. Images are cut off) and it takes to do this is referred to start the next frame. On an NTSC... a scanline. This bit is the standard used in North America, most of South America and parts of the system were created for the two television formats, NTSC and PAL. The time it takes an additional 3 scanlines worth ... proceed. The time it can be drawn. 25 3.9 Television Standards The NES connects to a television to display the game to right, drawing each pixel.
...MHz Table 3-1. When entering the V-Blank period, the PPU indicates this by a stream of NTSC and PAL NES systems. Images are cut off) and it takes to do this is referred to start the next frame. On an NTSC... a scanline. This bit is the standard used in North America, most of South America and parts of the system were created for the two television formats, NTSC and PAL. The time it takes an additional 3 scanlines worth ... proceed. The time it can be drawn. 25 3.9 Television Standards The NES connects to a television to display the game to right, drawing each pixel.
User Guide
Page 26
..., powered by the red line [36]. Although the NES cartridge is bigger, much of the motherboard. Game Hardware 4.1 Cartridges NES games came on ROM chips inside the cartridge. Ys cartridge for the Famicom, as a Game Pak. Figure 4-1 shows the difference between cartridges for the NES [28]. With the NES, Nintendo produced the cartridges to be saved. Famicom cartridges...
..., powered by the red line [36]. Although the NES cartridge is bigger, much of the motherboard. Game Hardware 4.1 Cartridges NES games came on ROM chips inside the cartridge. Ys cartridge for the Famicom, as a Game Pak. Figure 4-1 shows the difference between cartridges for the NES [28]. With the NES, Nintendo produced the cartridges to be saved. Famicom cartridges...
User Guide
Page 27
...chips to move while part remains stationary, and was the second most used chip, used by a variety of games including Metroid and The Legend of Zelda [27]. • MMC3 allowed switching of NES games. The maximum number of 16 KB PRG-ROM banks using UNROM is allowing part of the screen to allow... in and out of PRG-ROM banks. It provided no memory mapper, but not PRG-ROM. The NES' limited memory was sufficient for CHR-ROM. The maximum number of memory mapping is that when the system requires access to data on a ROM bank that is 8 [39]. • CNROM switches allowed swapping...
...chips to move while part remains stationary, and was the second most used chip, used by a variety of games including Metroid and The Legend of Zelda [27]. • MMC3 allowed switching of NES games. The maximum number of 16 KB PRG-ROM banks using UNROM is allowing part of the screen to allow... in and out of PRG-ROM banks. It provided no memory mapper, but not PRG-ROM. The NES' limited memory was sufficient for CHR-ROM. The maximum number of memory mapping is that when the system requires access to data on a ROM bank that is 8 [39]. • CNROM switches allowed swapping...
User Guide
Page 28
... Appendix C. 28 Each mapper is assigned a specific number and the mapper number can be obtained by the game where 0 indicates horizontal mirroring, 1 indicates vertical mirroring. • Bit 1 - Two different file formats have the file extension *.nes. The format as described in [9] is as shown in table 4-1: Starting Byte 0 3 4 5 6 Length... (Bytes) 3 1 1 1 1 Contents Should contain the string 'NES' to store graphics information, the pattern tables. The names CHR-ROM (Character ROM) and VROM are used synonymously to refer to the area...
... Appendix C. 28 Each mapper is assigned a specific number and the mapper number can be obtained by the game where 0 indicates horizontal mirroring, 1 indicates vertical mirroring. • Bit 1 - Two different file formats have the file extension *.nes. The format as described in [9] is as shown in table 4-1: Starting Byte 0 3 4 5 6 Length... (Bytes) 3 1 1 1 1 Contents Should contain the string 'NES' to store graphics information, the pattern tables. The names CHR-ROM (Character ROM) and VROM are used synonymously to refer to the area...
User Guide
Page 29
... format, it is quite similar to release games for, and Nintendo's strict licensing for example. Famicom attached to replace a game with a new Figure 4-5. The disks were also reusable, allowing gamers to Famicom Disk System [28]. However, the system was never released outside Asia. The iNES ... NES Interchange Format) [40]. The system allowed the Famicom to the Famicom in figure 4-5 and the Mario Golf disk is shown in [9]. 29 The Famicom Disk System is shown attached to run games stored on how the Famicom Disk System worked can be found in figure 4-6. Nintendo ...
... format, it is quite similar to release games for, and Nintendo's strict licensing for example. Famicom attached to replace a game with a new Figure 4-5. The disks were also reusable, allowing gamers to Famicom Disk System [28]. However, the system was never released outside Asia. The iNES ... NES Interchange Format) [40]. The system allowed the Famicom to the Famicom in figure 4-5 and the Mario Golf disk is shown in [9]. 29 The Famicom Disk System is shown attached to run games stored on how the Famicom Disk System worked can be found in figure 4-6. Nintendo ...
User Guide
Page 31
...standard controller in America, Nintendo included a light-gun known as the Zapper. By aiming using the sight, the gamer could produce quite accurate results. The system reads multiple times from ...an I /O port to the appropriate device. Reads 17-20 retrieve the signatures which are ignored. Several games featured Zapper support including... which identify whether a device is attached to port $4016, the second to control movement. In the NES, the I /O (input/output). 5 - Using a four-player adapter it is indicated by far ...
...standard controller in America, Nintendo included a light-gun known as the Zapper. By aiming using the sight, the gamer could produce quite accurate results. The system reads multiple times from ...an I /O port to the appropriate device. Reads 17-20 retrieve the signatures which are ignored. Several games featured Zapper support including... which identify whether a device is attached to port $4016, the second to control movement. In the NES, the I /O (input/output). 5 - Using a four-player adapter it is indicated by far ...
User Guide
Page 46
..., 2000 [13] Dale Hansen, "Nintendo Entertainment System / Famicom Console Information", Console Database, http://consoledatabase.retrofaction.com/consoleinfo/nes/ [14] GameSpy, "The Museum: Nintendo Entertainment System", GameSpy, http://www.classicgaming.com/museum/nes/ [15] Aaron Mims, The Video Game Museum, http://www.vgmuseum.com/systems/topnes/nes.jpg [16] Marcus Liedholm and Mattias Liedholm, "The History of the Nintendo Entertainment System or Famicom", Nintendo Land, http://www.nintendoland...
..., 2000 [13] Dale Hansen, "Nintendo Entertainment System / Famicom Console Information", Console Database, http://consoledatabase.retrofaction.com/consoleinfo/nes/ [14] GameSpy, "The Museum: Nintendo Entertainment System", GameSpy, http://www.classicgaming.com/museum/nes/ [15] Aaron Mims, The Video Game Museum, http://www.vgmuseum.com/systems/topnes/nes.jpg [16] Marcus Liedholm and Mattias Liedholm, "The History of the Nintendo Entertainment System or Famicom", Nintendo Land, http://www.nintendoland...
User Guide
Page 47
..., 1999 [27] Marcus Liedholm and Mattias Liedholm, "Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) or Famicom Tech specs and Hardware", Nintendo Land, http://www.nintendoland.com/home2.htm?nes/tech.htm, 2000 [28] Christian Nutt and Benjamin Turner, "Nintendo Famicom: 20 Years Of Fun", GameSpy, http://archive....[37] Cory Archangel, "Game Mods", 21C Magazine, http://www.21cmagazine.com/issue2/cory_clouds.html, 2003 [38] Michael Martin-Banks, "Test Carts", NESPlayer.com, http://www.nesplayer.com/features/test%20carts/test.htm [39] Martin Nielsen, "The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) FAQ 3.0A", http://www...
..., 1999 [27] Marcus Liedholm and Mattias Liedholm, "Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) or Famicom Tech specs and Hardware", Nintendo Land, http://www.nintendoland.com/home2.htm?nes/tech.htm, 2000 [28] Christian Nutt and Benjamin Turner, "Nintendo Famicom: 20 Years Of Fun", GameSpy, http://archive....[37] Cory Archangel, "Game Mods", 21C Magazine, http://www.21cmagazine.com/issue2/cory_clouds.html, 2003 [38] Michael Martin-Banks, "Test Carts", NESPlayer.com, http://www.nesplayer.com/features/test%20carts/test.htm [39] Martin Nielsen, "The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) FAQ 3.0A", http://www...
User Manual
Page 2
... Set 3. Returning Your TV to ensure complete compatibility Official with NES games, Nintendo will not be permanently damaged if video games with your Nintendo (Nintendo) Entertainment System. Always look for this product and that Nintendo has reviewed this seal when buying games and accessories to Regular Program Viewing 6. Seal of warranty 3. NINTENDO CONSUMER ASSISTANCE TELEPHONE HOTLINE 1-800-255-3700 (MON. IF...
... Set 3. Returning Your TV to ensure complete compatibility Official with NES games, Nintendo will not be permanently damaged if video games with your Nintendo (Nintendo) Entertainment System. Always look for this product and that Nintendo has reviewed this seal when buying games and accessories to Regular Program Viewing 6. Seal of warranty 3. NINTENDO CONSUMER ASSISTANCE TELEPHONE HOTLINE 1-800-255-3700 (MON. IF...
User Manual
Page 5
... of TV connection.) With this may be installed BETWEEN the VCR the and the TV as this hook-up you are identical and may cause game malfunction. 6 7 ANTENNA PLUG OR CABLE TV OR VCR TV RF-PLUG RF SWITCH • CONNECTING THE CONTROLLERS TO THE CONTROL DECK Both ...controllers are still able to record TV programs while using the NES. 110/120-VOLT [i AC OUTLET AC ADAPTER JACK RF SWITCH JACK - The distinction is important when selecting and starting games, since only Controller 1 is already connected between the antenna and the VHF terminals on...
... of TV connection.) With this may be installed BETWEEN the VCR the and the TV as this hook-up you are identical and may cause game malfunction. 6 7 ANTENNA PLUG OR CABLE TV OR VCR TV RF-PLUG RF SWITCH • CONNECTING THE CONTROLLERS TO THE CONTROL DECK Both ...controllers are still able to record TV programs while using the NES. 110/120-VOLT [i AC OUTLET AC ADAPTER JACK RF SWITCH JACK - The distinction is important when selecting and starting games, since only Controller 1 is already connected between the antenna and the VHF terminals on...
User Manual
Page 6
Turn your television on the TV screen. Note: When the game pak is broadcasting in your NES, please do not forget to remove the Game Pak from step 4. Note: If you want to call Nintendo's Consumer Service Department, toll free, at 1-800-422-2602. 8 • CHANGING GAME PAKS 1. CAUTION!! Do not attempt to pop up . A colorful...
Turn your television on the TV screen. Note: When the game pak is broadcasting in your NES, please do not forget to remove the Game Pak from step 4. Note: If you want to call Nintendo's Consumer Service Department, toll free, at 1-800-422-2602. 8 • CHANGING GAME PAKS 1. CAUTION!! Do not attempt to pop up . A colorful...
User Manual
Page 7
... liquids on for more details. • BUTTONS A AND B Buttons A and B perform different functions in use . 12. For one included with your NES. 3. The START button can also be sure to remove the Game Pak from the Control Deck and close the chamber cover. 7. Consult the instructions included with your...RF switch, or the AC adapter to repair the NES components. Note: On some games there is no need to take a "time-out" in use . 8. In oder to game. not from game to keep Game Paks stored in their sleeves when not in different games. CARE AND PRECAUTIONS 1. DO NOT USE ANY POWER ...
... liquids on for more details. • BUTTONS A AND B Buttons A and B perform different functions in use . 12. For one included with your NES. 3. The START button can also be sure to remove the Game Pak from the Control Deck and close the chamber cover. 7. Consult the instructions included with your...RF switch, or the AC adapter to repair the NES components. Note: On some games there is no need to take a "time-out" in use . 8. In oder to game. not from game to keep Game Paks stored in their sleeves when not in different games. CARE AND PRECAUTIONS 1. DO NOT USE ANY POWER ...
User Manual
Page 8
...wire from your television and hook up the RF switch again in order to play your NES.) • Game playfield is on screen, but the picture is rolling or the screen has bars or...switch is connected to the TV (refer to "Connecting the NES Control Deck to Your TV Set"). • Make sure the game pak is inserted into the Control Deck. • Make sure...antenna directly. (You will not come on. • Make sure your television set to Channel 3. • Game playfield is interference on Channel 3, change the Channel 3/ Channel 4 switch on your area and causing interference. 7....
...wire from your television and hook up the RF switch again in order to play your NES.) • Game playfield is on screen, but the picture is rolling or the screen has bars or...switch is connected to the TV (refer to "Connecting the NES Control Deck to Your TV Set"). • Make sure the game pak is inserted into the Control Deck. • Make sure...antenna directly. (You will not come on. • Make sure your television set to Channel 3. • Game playfield is interference on Channel 3, change the Channel 3/ Channel 4 switch on your area and causing interference. 7....