Software Guide
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Catalyst 6000 Family Software Configuration Guide Software Releases 6.3 and 6.4 Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 526-4100 Customer Order Number: DOC-7813315= Text Part Number: 78-13315-02
Catalyst 6000 Family Software Configuration Guide Software Releases 6.3 and 6.4 Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 526-4100 Customer Order Number: DOC-7813315= Text Part Number: 78-13315-02
Software Guide
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.... and Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, ... program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB's public domain version of California. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR...
.... and Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Empowering the Internet Generation, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherSwitch, Fast Step, ... program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB's public domain version of California. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR...
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... 78-13315-02 Preface 27 Audience 27 Organization 27 Related Documentation 29 Conventions 30 Obtaining Documentation 31 Cisco.com 31 Documentation CD-ROM 31 Ordering Documentation 31 Documentation Feedback 32 Obtaining Technical Assistance 32 Cisco.com 32 Technical Assistance Center 32 Obtaining Additional Publications and Information 34 Product Overview 1 Command-Line ...-Monitor Command-Line Interface 1 Switch Command-Line Interface 2 MSFC Command-Line Interface 8 Cisco IOS Command Modes 8 Cisco IOS Command-Line Interface 10 Configuring the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway 1 Understanding ...
... 78-13315-02 Preface 27 Audience 27 Organization 27 Related Documentation 29 Conventions 30 Obtaining Documentation 31 Cisco.com 31 Documentation CD-ROM 31 Ordering Documentation 31 Documentation Feedback 32 Obtaining Technical Assistance 32 Cisco.com 32 Technical Assistance Center 32 Obtaining Additional Publications and Information 34 Product Overview 1 Command-Line ...-Monitor Command-Line Interface 1 Switch Command-Line Interface 2 MSFC Command-Line Interface 8 Cisco IOS Command Modes 8 Cisco IOS Command-Line Interface 10 Configuring the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway 1 Understanding ...
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Contents 4 C H A P T E R 5 C H A P T E R Default IP Address and Default Gateway Configuration 5 Assigning the In-Band (sc0) Interface IP Address 5 Configuring Default Gateways 6 Configuring the SLIP (sl0) Interface on the Console Port 7 Using BOOTP, DHCP, or RARP to Obtain an IP Address 9 Renewing and Releasing a DHCP-Assigned IP Address 10 Configuring Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet Switching 1 Understanding How Ethernet Works 1 Switching Frames Between Segments 2 Building the Address Table 2 Understanding How Port Negotiation Works 2 Default Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and ...
Contents 4 C H A P T E R 5 C H A P T E R Default IP Address and Default Gateway Configuration 5 Assigning the In-Band (sc0) Interface IP Address 5 Configuring Default Gateways 6 Configuring the SLIP (sl0) Interface on the Console Port 7 Using BOOTP, DHCP, or RARP to Obtain an IP Address 9 Renewing and Releasing a DHCP-Assigned IP Address 10 Configuring Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet Switching 1 Understanding How Ethernet Works 1 Switching Frames Between Segments 2 Building the Address Table 2 Understanding How Port Negotiation Works 2 Default Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and ...
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Contents 6 C H A P T E R 7 C H A P T E R 8 C H A P T E R 78-13315-02 ISL Trunk Configuration Example 9 ISL Trunk Over EtherChannel Link Example 10 802.1Q Trunk Over EtherChannel Link Example 13 Load-Sharing VLAN Traffic Over Parallel Trunks Example 16 Disabling VLAN 1 on Trunks 23 Disabling VLAN 1 on a Trunk Link 23 Configuring EtherChannel 1 Understanding How EtherChannel Works 1 Understanding Administrative Groups 2 Understanding EtherChannel IDs 2 Understanding Port Aggregation Protocol 2 Understanding Frame Distribution 3 EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines 4 Configuring EtherChannel 5...
Contents 6 C H A P T E R 7 C H A P T E R 8 C H A P T E R 78-13315-02 ISL Trunk Configuration Example 9 ISL Trunk Over EtherChannel Link Example 10 802.1Q Trunk Over EtherChannel Link Example 13 Load-Sharing VLAN Traffic Over Parallel Trunks Example 16 Disabling VLAN 1 on Trunks 23 Disabling VLAN 1 on a Trunk Link 23 Configuring EtherChannel 1 Understanding How EtherChannel Works 1 Understanding Administrative Groups 2 Understanding EtherChannel IDs 2 Understanding Port Aggregation Protocol 2 Understanding Frame Distribution 3 EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines 4 Configuring EtherChannel 5...
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Contents Calculating and Assigning Port Costs 4 Spanning Tree Port States 5 Understanding PVST+ and MISTP Modes 11 PVST+ Mode 12 MISTP Mode 12 MISTP-PVST+ Mode 13 Bridge Identifiers 13 MAC Address Allocation 13 MAC Address Reduction 13 Using PVST+ 15 Default PVST+ Configuration 15 Setting the PVST+ Bridge ID Priority 16 Configuring the PVST+ Port Cost 17 Configuring the PVST+ Port Priority 18 Configuring the PVST+ Default Port Cost Mode 18 Configuring the PVST+ Port Cost for a VLAN 19 Configuring the PVST+ Port Priority for a VLAN 20 Disabling the PVST+ Mode on a VLAN 20 Using MISTP-PVST+ or ...
Contents Calculating and Assigning Port Costs 4 Spanning Tree Port States 5 Understanding PVST+ and MISTP Modes 11 PVST+ Mode 12 MISTP Mode 12 MISTP-PVST+ Mode 13 Bridge Identifiers 13 MAC Address Allocation 13 MAC Address Reduction 13 Using PVST+ 15 Default PVST+ Configuration 15 Setting the PVST+ Bridge ID Priority 16 Configuring the PVST+ Port Cost 17 Configuring the PVST+ Port Priority 18 Configuring the PVST+ Default Port Cost Mode 18 Configuring the PVST+ Port Cost for a VLAN 19 Configuring the PVST+ Port Priority for a VLAN 20 Disabling the PVST+ Mode on a VLAN 20 Using MISTP-PVST+ or ...
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Contents Enabling VTP Version 2 8 Disabling VTP Version 2 9 Enabling VTP Pruning 9 Disabling VTP Pruning 10 Displaying VTP 10 11 C H A P T E R Configuring VLANs 1 Understanding How VLANs Work 1 VLAN Ranges 2 Configurable VLAN Parameters 3 Default VLAN Configuration 4 Configuring Normal-Range VLANs 5 Normal-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines 5 Creating Normal-Range VLANs 5 Modifying Normal-Range VLANs 6 Configuring Extended-Range VLANs 6 Extended-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines 7 Creating Extended-Range VLANs 7 Mapping VLANs to VLANs 8 Mapping Reserved VLANs to Nonreserved VLANs 9 ...
Contents Enabling VTP Version 2 8 Disabling VTP Version 2 9 Enabling VTP Pruning 9 Disabling VTP Pruning 10 Displaying VTP 10 11 C H A P T E R Configuring VLANs 1 Understanding How VLANs Work 1 VLAN Ranges 2 Configurable VLAN Parameters 3 Default VLAN Configuration 4 Configuring Normal-Range VLANs 5 Normal-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines 5 Creating Normal-Range VLANs 5 Modifying Normal-Range VLANs 6 Configuring Extended-Range VLANs 6 Extended-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines 7 Creating Extended-Range VLANs 7 Mapping VLANs to VLANs 8 Mapping Reserved VLANs to Nonreserved VLANs 9 ...
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... 9 Default CEF for PFC2 Configuration 10 CEF for PFC2 Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions 11 Configuring CEF for PFC2 12 Displaying Layer 3-Switching Entries on the Supervisor Engine 12 Configuring CEF on the MSFC2 14 Configuring IP Multicast on the MSFC2 14 Displaying IP Multicast Information 16 Configuring NetFlow Statistics 22 Specifying the...
... 9 Default CEF for PFC2 Configuration 10 CEF for PFC2 Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions 11 Configuring CEF for PFC2 12 Displaying Layer 3-Switching Entries on the Supervisor Engine 12 Configuring CEF on the MSFC2 14 Configuring IP Multicast on the MSFC2 14 Displaying IP Multicast Information 16 Configuring NetFlow Statistics 22 Specifying the...
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... and Restrictions 11 IP MLS 11 IP MMLS 12 IPX MLS 13 Configuring MLS 14 Configuring Unicast MLS on the MSFC 14 Configuring MLS on Supervisor Engine 1 17 Configuring IP MMLS 28 15 C H A P T E R Configuring NDE 1 Understanding How NDE Works 1 Overview of NDE and Integrated Layer 3 Switching Management 1 Traffic Statistics Data Collection 2 Using...
... and Restrictions 11 IP MLS 11 IP MMLS 12 IPX MLS 13 Configuring MLS 14 Configuring Unicast MLS on the MSFC 14 Configuring MLS on Supervisor Engine 1 17 Configuring IP MMLS 28 15 C H A P T E R Configuring NDE 1 Understanding How NDE Works 1 Overview of NDE and Integrated Layer 3 Switching Management 1 Traffic Statistics Data Collection 2 Using...
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... VLANs 7 Bridged Packets 7 Routed Packets 7 Multicast Packets 8 Using Cisco IOS ACLs in your Network 9 Hardware and Software Handling of Cisco IOS ACLs with PFC 10 Hardware and Software Handling of Cisco IOS ACLs with PFC2 12 Using VACLs with Cisco IOS ACLs 15 Guidelines for Configuring Cisco IOS ACLs and VACLs on the Same VLAN...
... VLANs 7 Bridged Packets 7 Routed Packets 7 Multicast Packets 8 Using Cisco IOS ACLs in your Network 9 Hardware and Software Handling of Cisco IOS ACLs with PFC 10 Hardware and Software Handling of Cisco IOS ACLs with PFC2 12 Using VACLs with Cisco IOS ACLs 15 Guidelines for Configuring Cisco IOS ACLs and VACLs on the Same VLAN...
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Contents 17 C H A P T E R 18 C H A P T E R Displaying PBF Information 52 Clearing Entries in PBF VACLs 52 Rolling Back Adjacency Table Entries in the Edit Buffer 53 Configuring Hosts for PBF 53 Policy-Based Forwarding Configuration Example 55 Configuring GVRP 1 Understanding How GVRP Works 1 Default GVRP Configuration 2 GVRP Configuration Guidelines 2 Configuring GVRP 2 Enabling GVRP Globally 3 Enabling GVRP on Individual 802.1Q Trunk Ports 3 Enabling GVRP Dynamic VLAN Creation 4 Configuring GVRP Registration 5 Configuring GVRP VLAN Declarations from Blocking Ports 6 Setting the GARP Timers ...
Contents 17 C H A P T E R 18 C H A P T E R Displaying PBF Information 52 Clearing Entries in PBF VACLs 52 Rolling Back Adjacency Table Entries in the Edit Buffer 53 Configuring Hosts for PBF 53 Policy-Based Forwarding Configuration Example 55 Configuring GVRP 1 Understanding How GVRP Works 1 Default GVRP Configuration 2 GVRP Configuration Guidelines 2 Configuring GVRP 2 Enabling GVRP Globally 3 Enabling GVRP on Individual 802.1Q Trunk Ports 3 Enabling GVRP Dynamic VLAN Creation 4 Configuring GVRP Registration 5 Configuring GVRP VLAN Declarations from Blocking Ports 6 Setting the GARP Timers ...
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Contents 19 C H A P T E R 20 C H A P T E R 78-13315-02 Dynamic Port VLAN Membership with Auxiliary VLANs 12 Configuration Guidelines 13 Configuring Dynamic Port VLAN Membership with Auxiliary VLANs 13 Checking Port Status and Connectivity 1 Checking Module Status 1 Checking Port Status 2 Checking Port Capabilities 4 Using Telnet 4 Using Secure Shell Encryption for Telnet Sessions 5 Monitoring User Sessions 6 Using Ping 7 Understanding How Ping Works 7 Executing Ping 8 Using Layer 2 Traceroute 9 Layer 2 Traceroute Usage Guidelines 9 Identifying a Layer 2 Path 10 Using IP Traceroute 10 ...
Contents 19 C H A P T E R 20 C H A P T E R 78-13315-02 Dynamic Port VLAN Membership with Auxiliary VLANs 12 Configuration Guidelines 13 Configuring Dynamic Port VLAN Membership with Auxiliary VLANs 13 Checking Port Status and Connectivity 1 Checking Module Status 1 Checking Port Status 2 Checking Port Capabilities 4 Using Telnet 4 Using Secure Shell Encryption for Telnet Sessions 5 Monitoring User Sessions 6 Using Ping 7 Understanding How Ping Works 7 Executing Ping 8 Using Layer 2 Traceroute 9 Layer 2 Traceroute Usage Guidelines 9 Identifying a Layer 2 Path 10 Using IP Traceroute 10 ...
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Contents Enabling or Disabling Power Redundancy 11 Using the CLI to Power Modules Up or Down 13 Determining System Power Requirements 14 Environmental Monitoring 16 Environmental Monitoring Using CLI Commands 16 LED Indications 16 Displaying System Status Information for Technical Support 17 Generating a System Status Report 18 Using System Dump Files 18 21 C H A P T E R Configuring Switch Access Using AAA 1 Understanding How Authentication Works 1 Authentication Overview 2 Understanding How Login Authentication Works 2 Understanding How Local Authentication Works 2 Understanding How TACACS...
Contents Enabling or Disabling Power Redundancy 11 Using the CLI to Power Modules Up or Down 13 Determining System Power Requirements 14 Environmental Monitoring 16 Environmental Monitoring Using CLI Commands 16 LED Indications 16 Displaying System Status Information for Technical Support 17 Generating a System Status Report 18 Using System Dump Files 18 21 C H A P T E R Configuring Switch Access Using AAA 1 Understanding How Authentication Works 1 Authentication Overview 2 Understanding How Login Authentication Works 2 Understanding How Local Authentication Works 2 Understanding How TACACS...
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... Accounting Configuration Guidelines 60 Configuring Accounting 60 Accounting Example 63 Configuring Redundancy 1 Understanding How Supervisor Engine Redundancy Works 2 Configuring Redundant Supervisor Engines 3 Synchronization Process Initiation 4 Redundant Supervisor Engine Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions 4 Verifying Standby Supervisor Engine Status 5 Forcing a Switchover to the Standby Supervisor Engine 6 High Availability 8 Supervisor Engine Synchronization Examples 14 MSFC Redundancy 18 Dual MSFC Redundancy 19 Single Router Mode Redundancy...
... Accounting Configuration Guidelines 60 Configuring Accounting 60 Accounting Example 63 Configuring Redundancy 1 Understanding How Supervisor Engine Redundancy Works 2 Configuring Redundant Supervisor Engines 3 Synchronization Process Initiation 4 Redundant Supervisor Engine Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions 4 Verifying Standby Supervisor Engine Status 5 Forcing a Switchover to the Standby Supervisor Engine 6 High Availability 8 Supervisor Engine Synchronization Examples 14 MSFC Redundancy 18 Dual MSFC Redundancy 19 Single Router Mode Redundancy...
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... Naming Conventions 1 Downloading Software Images to the Switch With TFTP 2 Understanding How TFTP Software Image Downloads Work 2 Preparing to Download an Image Using TFTP 2 Downloading Supervisor Engine Images Using TFTP 3 Downloading Switching Module Images Using TFTP 4 TFTP Download Procedures Example 5 Uploading System Software Images to a TFTP Server 8 Preparing to Upload an Image...
... Naming Conventions 1 Downloading Software Images to the Switch With TFTP 2 Understanding How TFTP Software Image Downloads Work 2 Preparing to Download an Image Using TFTP 2 Downloading Supervisor Engine Images Using TFTP 3 Downloading Switching Module Images Using TFTP 4 TFTP Download Procedures Example 5 Uploading System Software Images to a TFTP Server 8 Preparing to Upload an Image...
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...H A P T E R 78-13315-02 Downloading System Software Images Using rcp 9 Preparing to Download an Image Using rcp 9 Downloading Supervisor Engine Images Using rcp 10 Downloading Switching Module Images Using rcp 10 Example rcp Download Procedures 11 Uploading System Software Images to an rcp Server 14... File to a TFTP Server 10 Uploading the Configuration File to the Supervisor Engine Flash PC Card 11 Downloading the Configuration File from a Remote Host 11 Downloading the Configuration File from the Supervisor Engine Flash PC Card 13 Configuring System Message Logging 1 Understanding How System ...
...H A P T E R 78-13315-02 Downloading System Software Images Using rcp 9 Preparing to Download an Image Using rcp 9 Downloading Supervisor Engine Images Using rcp 10 Downloading Switching Module Images Using rcp 10 Example rcp Download Procedures 11 Uploading System Software Images to an rcp Server 14... File to a TFTP Server 10 Uploading the Configuration File to the Supervisor Engine Flash PC Card 11 Downloading the Configuration File from a Remote Host 11 Downloading the Configuration File from the Supervisor Engine Flash PC Card 13 Configuring System Message Logging 1 Understanding How System ...
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Contents 28 C H A P T E R 29 C H A P T E R 30 C H A P T E R Enabling and Disabling the Logging Time Stamp Enable State 6 Setting the Logging Buffer Size 6 Configuring the syslog Daemon on a UNIX syslog Server 7 Configuring syslog Servers 7 Displaying the Logging Configuration 9 Displaying System Messages 10 Configuring DNS 1 Understanding How DNS Works 1 DNS Default Configuration 1 Configuring DNS 2 Setting Up and Enabling DNS 2 Clearing a DNS Server 3 Clearing the DNS Domain Name 3 Disabling DNS 3 Configuring CDP 1 Understanding How CDP Works 1 Default CDP Configuration 2 Configuring CDP 2 ...
Contents 28 C H A P T E R 29 C H A P T E R 30 C H A P T E R Enabling and Disabling the Logging Time Stamp Enable State 6 Setting the Logging Buffer Size 6 Configuring the syslog Daemon on a UNIX syslog Server 7 Configuring syslog Servers 7 Displaying the Logging Configuration 9 Displaying System Messages 10 Configuring DNS 1 Understanding How DNS Works 1 DNS Default Configuration 1 Configuring DNS 2 Setting Up and Enabling DNS 2 Clearing a DNS Server 3 Clearing the DNS Domain Name 3 Disabling DNS 3 Configuring CDP 1 Understanding How CDP Works 1 Default CDP Configuration 2 Configuring CDP 2 ...
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Contents 31 C H A P T E R 32 C H A P T E R 33 C H A P T E R 34 C H A P T E R 35 C H A P T E R 78-13315-02 Configuring NTP 1 Understanding How NTP Works 1 NTP Default Configuration 2 Configuring NTP 2 Enabling NTP in Broadcast-Client Mode 3 Configuring NTP in Client Mode 3 Configuring Authentication in Client Mode 4 Setting the Time Zone 5 Enabling the Daylight Saving Time Adjustment 5 Disabling the Daylight Saving Time Adjustment 7 Clearing the Time Zone 7 Clearing NTP Servers 7 Disabling NTP 8 Configuring Broadcast Suppression 1 Understanding How Broadcast Suppression Works 1 Configuring ...
Contents 31 C H A P T E R 32 C H A P T E R 33 C H A P T E R 34 C H A P T E R 35 C H A P T E R 78-13315-02 Configuring NTP 1 Understanding How NTP Works 1 NTP Default Configuration 2 Configuring NTP 2 Enabling NTP in Broadcast-Client Mode 3 Configuring NTP in Client Mode 3 Configuring Authentication in Client Mode 4 Setting the Time Zone 5 Enabling the Daylight Saving Time Adjustment 5 Disabling the Daylight Saving Time Adjustment 7 Clearing the Time Zone 7 Clearing NTP Servers 7 Disabling NTP 8 Configuring Broadcast Suppression 1 Understanding How Broadcast Suppression Works 1 Configuring ...
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Contents 36 C H A P T E R 37 C H A P T E R Allowing Traffic Based on the Host MAC Address 1 Restricting Traffic Based on the Host MAC Address 2 Port Security Configuration Guidelines 3 Configuring Port Security 3 Enabling Port Security 3 Setting the Maximum Number of Secure MAC Addresses 4 Setting the Port Security Age Time 5 Clearing MAC Addresses 5 Specifying the Security Violation Action 6 Setting the Shutdown Timeout 6 Disabling Port Security 7 Restricting Traffic Based on a Host MAC Address 7 Displaying Port Security 8 Configuring SNMP 1 SNMP Terminology 1 Understanding SNMP 3 Security ...
Contents 36 C H A P T E R 37 C H A P T E R Allowing Traffic Based on the Host MAC Address 1 Restricting Traffic Based on the Host MAC Address 2 Port Security Configuration Guidelines 3 Configuring Port Security 3 Enabling Port Security 3 Setting the Maximum Number of Secure MAC Addresses 4 Setting the Port Security Age Time 5 Clearing MAC Addresses 5 Specifying the Security Violation Action 6 Setting the Shutdown Timeout 6 Disabling Port Security 7 Restricting Traffic Based on a Host MAC Address 7 Displaying Port Security 8 Configuring SNMP 1 SNMP Terminology 1 Understanding SNMP 3 Security ...
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Contents 38 C H A P T E R 39 C H A P T E R 40 C H A P T E R 78-13315-02 Viewing RMON Data 2 Supported RMON and RMON2 MIB Objects 2 Configuring SPAN and RSPAN 1 Understanding How SPAN and RSPAN Works 1 SPAN Session 2 Destination Port 2 Source Port 2 Ingress SPAN 3 Egress SPAN 3 VSPAN 3 Trunk VLAN Filtering 4 SPAN Traffic 4 SPAN and RSPAN Session Limits 4 Configuring SPAN 5 SPAN Hardware Requirements 5 Understanding How SPAN Works 5 SPAN Configuration Guidelines 6 Configuring SPAN from the CLI 7 Configuring RSPAN 8 RSPAN Hardware Requirements 9 Understanding How RSPAN Works 9 RSPAN ...
Contents 38 C H A P T E R 39 C H A P T E R 40 C H A P T E R 78-13315-02 Viewing RMON Data 2 Supported RMON and RMON2 MIB Objects 2 Configuring SPAN and RSPAN 1 Understanding How SPAN and RSPAN Works 1 SPAN Session 2 Destination Port 2 Source Port 2 Ingress SPAN 3 Egress SPAN 3 VSPAN 3 Trunk VLAN Filtering 4 SPAN Traffic 4 SPAN and RSPAN Session Limits 4 Configuring SPAN 5 SPAN Hardware Requirements 5 Understanding How SPAN Works 5 SPAN Configuration Guidelines 6 Configuring SPAN from the CLI 7 Configuring RSPAN 8 RSPAN Hardware Requirements 9 Understanding How RSPAN Works 9 RSPAN ...